Description | The monoclonal antibody 27E10 recognizes an epitope specific for the S100A8/A9 heterocomplex that is not exposed on the individual subunits S100A8 (MRP8, calgranulin-A) or S100A9 (MRP14, calgranulin- B). The calcium-binding migration inhibitory factor-related proteins, MRP-8 (S100A8) and MRP-14 (S100A9) belong to the S100 protein family. The expression of these proteins is largely confined to the cytosol of neutrophils and monocytes. The complex formation of these proteins is a calcium-dependent process. The S100A8/A9 heterocomplex, also called MRP-8/MRP-14 complex or calprotectin, comprises 60 % of the cytoplasmic protein fraction of circulating polymorphonuclear granulocytes and is also found in monocytes, macrophages and ileal tissue eosinophils. Peripheral blood monocytes carry the antigen extra- and intracellularly, neutrophils only intracellularly. The S100A8/A9 complex has antibacterial, antifungal, immunomodulating and antiproliferative effects. Besides this it is a potent chemotactic factor for neutrophils. Plasma concentrations are elevated in diseases associated with increased neutrophil activity, like inflammatory bowel disease. Granulocytes terminate their existence after transmigration through the intestinal wall. Therefore calprotectin is also detectable in feces. Elevated levels of calprotectin have been observed in body fluids such as plasma, saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, stools, and synovial fluid during infection and inflammatory conditions. The monoclonal antibody 27E10 can be used for early detection of inflammatory macrophages, for the characterization of tumorous tissues and the monitoring of peripheral blood cell cultures. The antibody 27E10 does not react with lymphocytes or platelets. Aliases S100A8/A9, MRP-8/MRP-14, calprotectin, calgranulin-A/calgranulin-B, L1-protein Immunogen Human blood monocytes Target Information: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein may function in the inhibition of casein kinase and altered expression of this protein is associated with the disease cystic fibrosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]. |